In addition, females experience an increased risk of cancer (1.74 ), and cancer incidence increases with age (1.08 ).1 These observations indicate that the extent of inflammation and duration of years might be important factors for carcinogenesis. Second, in the present study, T1D is an auto-immune disease characterized frequently in females (61%). Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in carcinogenesis one underlying mechanism by which T1D increases inflammation is a self-renew stem-like autoimmune progenitor β-cell-specific CD8+T population in the pancreatic draining lymph node (pLN), which gives rise to pLN autoimmune mediators, and sustains β-cell-specific CD8+T cells to destroy insulin-producing β-cells.3 However, I hope that drawing attention to address several questions that could bias results.įirst, previous emerging data suggested that T1D is associated with an increased risk of cancer although the links between T1D and cancer are increasingly appreciated, studies have found heterogeneity among T1D and site-specific cancer risk.1,2 This revealed that correlation analyses are usually interfered with by potential confounders. I appreciate Zhong et al1 recently published a meticulous, original study, "Daily Insulin Dose and Cancer Risk Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes" in JAMA Oncology.